Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS) Administration - Arizona's Medicaid Agency. Cultural commentary from a Biblical perspective. More Articles Ask Not for Whom the Volcano Erupts; It Erupts for Thee: A Response to David Gushee. A revolutionary new institutional learning, writing, research, and publishing solution for current and future generations of scholars APA Style CENTRAL has been. Cheap domain names with NameSilo: Cheapest everyday domain name registration prices, free WHOIS privacy, free domain parking, secure API, no hidden fees, no minimum. PHP: The Right Way. Welcome. There. PHP: The Right Way is an easy- to- read. PHP popular coding standards, links to authoritative tutorials. Web and what the contributors consider to be best practices at the present. There is no canonical way to use PHP. This website aims to introduce new PHP. This website will also not tell you which tools to use, but. National Security Agency/Central Security Service Public Information. This is a living document and will continue to be updated with more helpful information. Translations. PHP: The Right Way is translated into many different languages: How to Contribute. Help make this website the best resource for new PHP programmers! Contribute on Git. Hub. Spread the Word! PHP: The Right Way has web banner images you can use on your website. Show your support, and let new PHP developers. See Banner Images. Back to Top. Getting Started. Use the Current Stable Version (7. If you are getting started with PHP, start with the current stable release of PHP 7. PHP 7. 0 is very. The engine has been largely re- written, and PHP is now even quicker than older versions. Most commonly in the near future you will find PHP 5. This is not a bad option, but you should try to upgrade to the latest stable quickly. Upgrading is really quite easy, as there are not many backwards compatibility breaks. If you are not sure which version a function or feature is in, you can check the PHP documentation on the php. Built- in web server. With PHP 5. 4 or newer, you can start learning PHP without installing and configuring a full- fledged web server. Mavericks has 5. 4. Yosemite has 5. 5. El Capitan has 5. PHP 7. 0 out that is often not good enough. There are multiple ways to install PHP on OS X. Install PHP via Homebrew. Homebrew is a powerful package manager for OS X, which can help you install PHP and various extensions easily. Alternatively you can use brew- php- switcher which will switch automatically for you. Install PHP via Macports. The Mac. Ports Project is an open- source community initiative to design an. X1. 1 or Aqua based open- source software on the OS X operating. Mac. Ports supports pre- compiled binaries, so you don. This can be really useful if two different. PHP, and you are not using virtual machines. Install PHP via Liip. After the extraction of PHP, it is recommended to set the PATH to the root of your PHP folder (where php. PHP from anywhere. For learning and local development you can use the built in webserver with PHP 5. If you would like an . That said, these tools will be a little different from. Windows and deploying to Linux. If you need to run your production system on Windows then IIS7 will give you the most stable and best performance. You. can use phpmanager (a GUI plugin for IIS7) to make configuring and managing PHP simple. IIS7 comes with. Fast. CGI built in and ready to go, you just need to configure PHP as a handler. For support and additional resources. PHP. Generally running your application on different environment in development and production can lead to strange bugs popping up when you go. If you are developing on Windows and deploying to Linux (or anything non- Windows) then you should consider using a Virtual Machine. Chris Tankersley has a very helpful blog post on what tools he uses to do PHP development using Windows. Back to Top. Code Style Guide. The PHP community is large and diverse, composed of innumerable libraries, frameworks, and components. It is common for. PHP developers to choose several of these and combine them into a single project. It is important that PHP code adhere. The Framework Interop Group has proposed and approved a series of style recommendations. Not all of them related. PSR- 0, PSR- 1, PSR- 2 and PSR- 4. These. recommendations are merely a set of rules that some projects like Drupal, Zend, Symfony, Cake. PHP, php. BB, AWS SDK. Fuel. PHP, Lithium, etc are starting to adopt. You can use them for your own projects, or continue to use your own. Ideally you should write PHP code that adheres to a known standard. This could be any combination of PSRs, or one. PEAR or Zend. This means other developers can easily read and work with your code, and. You can use PHP. Comments may be written in any language easily. Back to Top. Language Highlights. Programming Paradigms. PHP is a flexible, dynamic language that supports a variety of programming techniques. It has evolved dramatically over. PHP 5. 0 (2. 00. 4), anonymous functions and namespaces in. PHP 5. 3 (2. 00. 9), and traits in PHP 5. Object- oriented Programming. PHP has a very complete set of object- oriented programming features including support for classes, abstract classes. Functional Programming. PHP supports first- class functions, meaning that a function can be assigned to a variable. Both user- defined and. Functions can be passed as arguments to. Higher- order Functions) and functions can return other functions. Recursion, a feature that allows a function to call itself, is supported by the language, but most PHP code. New anonymous functions (with support for closures) are present since PHP 5. PHP 5. 4 added the ability to bind closures to an object. There are. many Magic Methods available like . Ruby developers often say that PHP is lacking method. This means that one library. When both libraries are used in the same namespace, they collide. Namespaces solve this problem. As described in the PHP reference manual, namespaces may be compared to operating. Likewise. two PHP classes with the same name may co- exist in separate PHP namespaces. Currently both are still perfectly usable and PSR- 0 is not going away. As PSR- 4 requires PHP 5. PHP 5. 2- only projects currently implement PSR- 0. Luckily those PHP 5. PSR- 0 is being used less and less. If you. It is made up. SPL interfaces. Command Line Interface. PHP was created to write web applications, but is also useful for scripting command line interface (CLI) programs. Just be sure not to put your CLI PHP scripts in your public web root! Try running PHP from your command line: > php - i. The - i option will print your PHP configuration just like the phpinfo() function. The - a option provides an interactive shell, similar to ruby. There are a number. Let. To try it out, create a file named hello. Commonly used. exit codes can be found here. To run our script, above, from the command line: > php hello. Usage: php hello. It allows you to trace the execution of your. It can also allow tools like PHPUnit and KCache. Grind to perform code coverage. If you find yourself in a bind, willing to resort to var. Mac. GDBp is a free, open- source. Xdebug GUI for Mac. Back to Top. Dependency Management. There are a ton of PHP libraries, frameworks, and components to choose from. Your project will likely use. Until recently, PHP did not have a good way to manage. Even if you managed them manually, you still had to worry about autoloaders. Composer is currently. PHP, however for a long time PEAR was the primary package manager in use. Composer is analogous to NPM in the node. Bundler in the Ruby world. There are already a lot of PHP libraries that are compatible with Composer, ready to be used in your project. You can run this with php to manage your project. Please Note: If you pipe downloaded code directly into an interpreter, please read the. Installing on Windows. For Windows users the easiest way to get up and running is to use the Composer. Setup installer, which. PATH so that you can just call composer from any. How to Install Composer (manually)Manually installing Composer is an advanced technique; however, there are various reasons why a. The interactive. installation checks your PHP installation to ensure that: a sufficient version of PHP is being used. Since a manual installation performs none of these checks, you have to decide whether the trade- off is. As such, below is how to obtain Composer manually: curl - s https: //getcomposer. HOME/local/bin/composer. HOME/local/bin/composer. The path $HOME/local/bin (or a directory of your choice) should be in your $PATH environment. This will result in a composer command being available. When you come across documentation that states to run Composer as php composer. This section will assume you have installed composer globally. How to Define and Install Dependencies. Composer keeps track of your project. You can manage it. Composer itself. The composer require command adds a project dependency. This also applies to projects. If you share your project with other coders and the composer. For instance a version. You can also use. Usage is straight- forward, all you need. If for example you wanted to install PHPUnit and have it. To have the installed. It behaves similarly to Composer. PEAR requires each package to have a specific structure, which means that the author of the package must prepare it for. PEAR. Using a project which was not prepared to work with PEAR is not possible. PEAR installs packages globally, which means after installing them once they are available to all projects on that. This can be good if many projects rely on the same package with the same version but might lead to problems if. How to install PEARYou can install PEAR by downloading the . The PEAR documentation has. If you are using Linux, you can also have a look at your distribution package manager. Debian and Ubuntu. How to install a package. If the package is listed on the PEAR packages list, you can install it by specifying the official name: pear install foo. If the package is hosted on another channel, you need to discover the channel first and also specify it when. See the Using channel docs for more information on this topic. Handling PEAR dependencies with Composer. If you are already using Composer and you would like to install some PEAR code too, you can use Composer to. PEAR dependencies. This example will install code from pear. Then the require section will prefix the package name like this: pear- channel/Package. The . To help combat this common issue, this section is aimed at reminding coders of the. PHP. Date and Time. PHP has a class named Date. Literacy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. World map indicating literacy rate by country in 2. CIA World Factbook) Grey = no data. World illiteracy halved between 1. Reading development involves a range of complex language underpinnings including awareness of speech sounds (phonology), spelling patterns (orthography), word meaning (semantics), grammar (syntax) and patterns of word formation (morphology), all of which provide a necessary platform for reading fluency and comprehension. Once these skills are acquired, the reader can attain full language literacy, which includes the abilities to apply to printed material critical analysis, inference and synthesis; to write with accuracy and coherence; and to use information and insights from text as the basis for informed decisions and creative thought. Literacy involves a continuum of learning in enabling individuals to achieve their goals, to develop their knowledge and potential, and to participate fully in their community and wider society. Script developed independently at least four times in human history in Mesopotamia, Egypt, lowland Mesoamerica, and China. During this era, literacy was . Proto- cuneiform texts exhibit not only numerical signs, but also ideograms depicting objects being counted. The Egyptian hieroglyphic writing system was the first notation system to have phonetic values. Writing in lowland Mesoamerica was first put into practice by the Olmec and Zapotec civilizations in 9. BCE. These civilizations used glyphic writing and bar- and- dot numerical notation systems for purposes related to royal iconography and calendar systems. The earliest written notations in China date back to the Shang Dynasty in 1. BCE. These systematic notations were found inscribed on bones and recorded sacrifices made, tributes received, and animals hunted, which were activities of the elite. These oracle- bone inscriptions were the early ancestors of modern Chinese script and contained logosyllabic script and numerals. These examples indicate that early acts of literacy were closely tied to power and chiefly used for management practices, and probably less than 1% of the population was literate, as it was confined to a very small ruling elite. Origins of the alphabet. Many classical scholars, such as historian Ignace Gelb, credit the Ancient Greeks for creating the first alphabetic system (c. BCE) that used distinctive signs for consonants and vowels. Much of this theory's development is credited to English archeologist Flinders Petrie, who, in 1. Canaanite inscriptions located in the turquoise mines of Serabit el- Khadem. Ten years later, English Egyptologist Alan Gardiner reasoned that these letters contain an alphabet, as well as references to the Canaanite goddess Asherah. Albright deciphered the text using additional evidence that had been discovered subsequent to Goody's findings. This included a series of inscriptions from Ugarit, discovered in 1. French archaeologist Claude F. Some of these inscriptions were mythological texts (written in an early Canaanite dialect) that consisted of a 3. Another significant discovery was made in 1. Canaanite inscriptions from twelfth century BCE. According to Frank Moore Cross, these inscriptions consisted of alphabetic signs that originated during the transitional development from pictographic script to a linear alphabet. Moreover, he asserts, . During the Late Bronze Age, successor alphabets appeared throughout the Mediterranean region and sub- developed into three languages: Phoenician, Hebrew and Aramaic. According to Goody, these cuneiform scripts may have influenced the development of the Greek alphabet several centuries later. Historically, the Greeks contended that their language was modeled after the Phoenicians. However, many Semitic scholars now believe that Ancient Greek is more consistent with an early form Canaanite that was used c. While the earliest Greek inscriptions are dated c. Baruch ben Neriah, Jeremiah's scribe, used this alphabet to create the later scripts of the Old Testament. The Early Hebrew alphabet was prominent in the Mediterranean region until Chaldean Babylonian rulers exiled the Jews to Babylon in the sixth century BCE. It was then that the new language (. As the Bronze Age collapsed, the Aramaeans moved into Canaan and Phoenician territories and adopted their scripts. Although early evidence of this writing is scarce, archeologists have uncovered a wide range of later Aramaic texts, written as early as the seventh century BCE. Due to its longevity and prevalence in the region, Achaemenid rulers eventually adopted it as a . Aramaic Merchants carried older variations of the language as far as India, where it later influenced the development of Brahmi scripture. It also led to the developments of Arabic, Pahlavi (an Iranian adaptation), . However, recent work has challenged this long held notion. Anthony Di. Renzo asserts that Roman society was . The Republic amassed huge archives of reports on every aspect of public life. Even so, in pre- modern times it is unlikely that literacy was found in more than about 3. And if he is illiterate he shall go at the first, third and sixth hours to someone who can teach and has been appointed for him. He shall stand before him and learn very studiously and with all gratitude. The fundamentals of a syllable, the verbs and nouns shall all be written for him and even if he does not want to he shall be compelled to read. North America, Europe, and Central Asia have achieved almost full adult literacy (individuals at or over the age of 1. Most countries in East Asia and the Pacific, as well as Latin America and the Caribbean, are above a 9. This disparity was even starker in previous decades: from 1. Similar gender disparity persists in two other regions, the Arab States (8. South and West Asia (7. For example, UN Secretary- General Ban Ki- moon centered his 2. International Literacy Day speech around the theme . Martha Nussbaum, for example, has argued that illiterate women are more vulnerable to becoming trapped in an abusive marriage, given that illiteracy limits their employment opportunities and worsens their intra- household bargaining position. Moreover, Nussbaum links literacy to the potential for women to effectively communicate and collaborate with one another in order . Simply making literacy classes available can be ineffective if attendance is not considered a valuable use of the limited time of women and girls. Data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) has consistently indicated the literacy underachievement of boys within member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD). For example, literate people can be more easily trained than illiterate people, and generally have a higher socioeconomic status. The international community has come to consider literacy as a key facilitator and goal of development. The study claims that developing literacy in this area will bring . In 2. 00. 9, the National Adult Literacy agency (NALA) in Ireland commissioned a cost benefit analysis of adult literacy training. This concluded that there were economic gains for the individuals, the companies they worked for, and the Exchequer, as well as the economy and the country as a whole. Continuing the global expansion of public education is thus a frequent focus of literacy advocates. USAID, for example, steered donors like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Global Partnership for Education toward the issue of childhood literacy by developing the Early Grade Reading Assessment. The report features countries from a variety of regions and of differing income levels, reflecting the general global consensus on . In 2. 01. 0, however, the UNDP replaced the adult literacy measure with mean years of schooling. A 2. 01. 1 UNDP research paper framed this change as a way to . This committee's charge includes ensuring equitable access to information and advocating for adult new and non- readers. They might have difficulty getting and maintaining a job, providing for their families, or even reading a story to their children. For adults, the library might be the only source of a literacy program.! Which stand for Diversity in Action and is also known as . Parents, caregivers, and educators can even start a book club. The mission of READ/Orange County is to . The program seeks to equip students with skills to continue learning in the future. The person becomes an example to children and grandchildren and can better serve the community. Boulder. Reads! Reading Buddies matches children of adult literacy students with college students who meet with them once a week throughout the semester for an hour and a half. The college students receive course credit to try to enhance the quality and reliability of their time. The goal is to help the child gain interest in books and feel comfortable reading aloud. Time is also spent on word games, writing letters, or searching for books in the library. Throughout the semester the pair work on writing and illustrating a book together. The college student's grade is partly dependent on the completion of the book. Although Reading Buddies began primarily as an answer to the lack of child care for literacy students, it has evolved into another aspect of the program. Working since 1. 98. HLC is . The HLC provides tutoring for English for speakers of other languages (ESOL). Through one- on- one tutoring, the organization works to help adult students reach at least the fifth- grade level. Broader and complementary definitions. For example, in the United States, the National Council of Teachers of English and the International Reading Association have added . Similarly, in Scotland, literacy has been defined as: . Increasingly, communication in commerce and in general requires the ability to use computers and other digital technologies.
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